The fraction of minerals to organic matter and the composition of the organics. Bitumens, asphalts, and tar sands, volume 7 developments in. In the paper physical and chemical properties of natural bitumen of oil sands were investigated. Dec 09, 20 i will detail the cost of oil sands production via the different methods these companies utilize, as well as the energy return on energy invested eroei of extracting the bitumen. Hot water processing is introduced to extract bitumen from oil sands. Oil sand is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay or other minerals, water, and bitumen. Drilling in search of a basement reservoir of oil is the initial focus of development in albertas oil sands. Sand and rock material which contains crude bitumen a heavy, viscous form of crude oil. Oil sands are sometimes referred to as tar sands or bituminous sands. Each category is dominated by a single extraordinary accumulation. These a heavy oil, found in various reservoirs, and b bitumen, found in tarsand deposits. This hydro carbonic oil is high viscosity oil having a boiling. Determining whether spilled oil sands crude will float is a key question for those weighing shipments of oil to.
Method of recovery of oil and bitumen from oilsands and. One of the visits we made on the trip was to canadian natural resources cnrl horizon oil sands project. We can mention to making ink as color among natural bitumen applications. Electrokinetic consolidation of oil sands tailings. Other terms for such accumulations include oil sand, oilimpregnated sand, asphaltic sand, rock asphalt, bituminous rock, and bitumenbearing rock. Evaluation of bitumen fractional composition depending on the. The tar sands or oil sands are a mixture of sand, bitumen a black, asphaltlike oil, mineralrich clays and water.
Fundamentals of nonaqueous extraction of oilsands natural. The most commonly known unconventional oilsoil sands, heavy oil, and bitumenare found primarily in the western united states, canada, and venezuela. The early cretaceous mcmurray formation is an example of fluvial to estuarine sedimentation. An experimental and numerical study yu guo the university of western ontario supervisor dr. Initial examination of the horizon project began in 2004. A refill kit is available and contains only consumable component items. Oil sand can be upgraded into synthetic crude oil and other petroleum products alberta energy. In this awardwinning book, a canadian bestseller, journalist andrew nikiforuk exposes the disastrous environmental, social, and political costs of the tar sands. Composition of bitumen chemical and physical composition. Ftir spectra were obtained using a perkin elmer, spectrum 2000 model spectrometer between 4000 and 400 cm1 at 2 cm1 resolution using kbr pellet technique. The origin of organic matter and the evolution of life systems on earth 2. Some oil sands leaseholders requested that all current and future associated gas production from affected oil sands deposits be curtailed. It can be used in coal tar soap, and is used in medicated shampoo to kill and repel head. Oil sand is composed of quartz sand that is completely enveloped within bitumen, which is the heaviest form of petroleum.
The largest extraheavy oil accumulation is the venezuelan orinoco heavyoil belt, which contains 90 percent of the worlds extraheavy oil when measured on an inplace basis. Alberta, canadas oil sands have been in the news a lot, and were even featured on a 60 minutes episode. Energy world energy needs canadas energy mix transportation markets facts oil what are the oil sands. The recovery of oil from oilsand slurries in a laboratory.
The sands must be mined and processed info, in order to extract the oil and make it useful and transportable by pipeline. Jul 4 oil sands geology and the properties of bitumen. Being flammable, coal tar is sometime used for heating or to fire boilers. Incidental release of bitumen during oil shale grinding and impacts on oil shale beneficiation 385 possible changes on particle surfaces after grinding to different degrees of fineness. Canadas oil sands are located almost exclusively in northern alberta in three deposits that lie in the mcmurray formation, a layer of shale, sandstone and oil sand. Most of the bitumen and heavy oil 70% is hosted within three countries in the western. Tar sands oil or diluted bitumen does not meet the definition as outlined in texas and federal statutory codes, which define crude oil as. Oilsands short course web page university of alberta. Oil sands geology and the properties of bitumen oil.
Oil sands, tar sands, or extra heavy oil is a type of bitumen deposit. Physicochemical, interfacial and hydrodynamic conditions were found to play a major role in the liberation and aeration of oil which ultimately affects the oil flotation 8. Previous research showed that the interfacial tension of bitumenwater system was dependent on the composition of the bitumen mehrotra et al. A brief overview of the geology of heavy oil, bitumen and. A typical oil sands deposit contains about 10% bitumen, 5% water and 85% solids.
Can bitumen be extracted by heating oil sands insitu. Most of the bitumen and heavyoil 70% is hosted within three countries in the western hemisphere venezuela, canada and the u. In some areas, particularly in the united states, bitumen is often called asphalt, though that name is almost universally used for the roadpaving material made from a mixture of. Physical and mechanical characteristics of natural bitumen nb are established by standard methods. Find out more about canadas oil resources and canadas oil production. The oil sands, also known as tar sands, contain a mixture of sand, water and oily bitumen.
Operating temperature was determined to be one of the key process variables that play a vital role as the controlling parameter in oil sands processing. Dirty oil and the future of a continent, revised and. The main underlying mechanisms involved in the flotation process for oil sands are oil liberation, oil bubble attachment and oil aeration. Bitumen can be extracted using two methods, depending on how deep the deposits are below the surface. Canadas oil sands are developed by the private sector, with major investments from companies based in canada, the united states, europe, and asia. Bitumens, asphalts, and tar sands, volume 7 developments in petroleum science unknown, author on. Although the lighter conventional crudes are often waterflooded to enhance recovery, this method is essentially ineffective for heavy crudes between 20 and. The oil was burned to evaporate brine and produce salt. Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen natural bitumen deposits are reported in many. The bitumen liberation and recovery of oil sands have been well known affected, to some extent, by the bitumen physical properties, especially the surface properties, such as the interfacial tensions.
To that end, the institute for oil sands innovation iosi at the university of alberta proposed the project fundamentals of nonaqueous extraction of oilsands for ecoeii funding. Tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat coal geology and geochemistry 40 kechang xie, shanxi key laboratory of coal science and technology, taiyuan university of technology, china 1. Feb 19, 20 but its supply of conventional oil is shrinking, and oil sands extraction has been growing fast in the past decade, from about 700,000 barrels per day in 2000 to 1. Oil sands are found primarily in the athabasca region of northern alberta, canada, and in areas. According to log data, it is estimated that average porosity of oil sands is 35. Properties of modified bitumen obtained from natural. Bitumens, asphalts, and tar sands, volume 7 developments in petroleum science. Evaluation of bitumen fractional composition depending on the crude oil type and production technology conference paper pdf available january 2014 with 2,054 reads how we measure reads. Oil sands are a mixture of sand, water, clay and bitumen found in several locations around the globe, with the largest reserve located in alberta, canada. A huge amount of research work has been conducted to understand the mechanisms of how these factors can affect the extraction. Determining whether spilled oil sands crude will float is a key question for. Commonly quoted statistics indicate that albertas oil sand deposits contain approximately 1.
With oil sands ambitions on a collision course with climate change, exxon still stepping on the gas by nicholas kusnetz, lisa song, neela banerjee its not just dakota access. Oil sands bitumen estimations reality search and discovery. The most widely used technique is waterbased lotions separation method, which means that the surfactant or the alkali solution is used and mixed with the oil sands, and oil sands separation is. Energy iq what are some of albertas non renewable energy. Using actual oil sands from the athabasca oil sand deposits in alberta, students will examine the nature and characteristics of oil sand and then formulate and test methods of bitumen extraction. As a result, the economic benefits of oil sands development reach across canada and around the globe. Natural bitumen tar sands and heavy oil in addition to conventional petroleum, there are two other materials that offer some relief to the potential shortfalls in the supply of liquid fuels and other products. The sands are naturally occurring mixtures of sand or clay, water and an extremely dense and viscous form of petroleum. Viscosity, surface tension, and interfacial tension of bitumen all play an important role in the bitumen release from tar sands. National assessment of oil and gas fact sheet natural bitumen. In general, unconventional forms of oil including oil sands mining are becoming important in global energy supply due to decreasing reserves of conventional oil. These ponds are massive earth structures, initially constructed from overburden hauled from the mine site. The emphasis throughout is to link the fundamentals of the molecules through to the economic drivers for the industry, because this combination determines the technology used for processing.
Unlike conventional oil resources, unconventional oil resources have been known to exist only for the last few decades and are available in limited areas of the world. Horizon oil sands is an oil sands mining and upgrading project in bitumount, alberta, canada. Evaluation of bitumen fractional composition depending on. The location of oil sands oil sands albertas energy heritage. The composition of oil sands oil sands albertas energy heritage. A brief overview of the geology of heavy oil, bitumen and oil. The composition of oil sands oil sands albertas energy. In some areas, particularly in the united states, bitumen is often called. The cost of production and energy return of oil sands.
Previous research showed that the interfacial tension of bitumen water system was dependent on the composition of the bitumen mehrotra et al. Shang the university of western ontario graduate program in civil and environmental engineering a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in doctor of philosophy. A new solvent to extract bitumen from oil sands onepetro. Review of the composition and toxicity of oil sands. The exact composition of albertas oil sands can vary greatly, even within. Oil sands mining uses up almost as much energy as it. A typical ink formulation is spread pigment in the phenolic resins. Bitumen, dense, highly viscous, petroleumbased hydrocarbon that is found in deposits such as oil sands and pitch lakes natural bitumen or is obtained as a residue of the distillation of crude oil refined bitumen. Similarly, canada has about 61 tcf of established reserves lower cost supplies as. By the tenth century, extensive bamboo pipelines connected oil wells with salt springs. A clear understanding of the interactions of the solvent with components in the oil sands matrix, and an appropriate design of a solvent is required.
The oil sands will remain an important part of the canadian economy. Canadas oil sands reserve is the third largest oil resource basin in the world, after the persian gulf and venezuela. The project includes a surface oil sands mining and bitumen extraction plant, complemented by onsite bitumen upgrading with associated infrastructure. Buoyancy of oil sands bitumen raises spill concerns the.
Tailings ponds or tailings storage facilities play a critical role in storing solids from mined oil sands and managing water flows. The composition of oil sands oil sand is composed of quartz sand that is completely enveloped within bitumen, which is the heaviest form of petroleum. For the canadian oil sands, debate continues over the industrys environmental impacts and capacity for export. Oil sands, tar sands, crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil, and peat. The large pools of wastewater, sand, salt and hydrocarbons that are left over when oil is extracted from bitumen can last for decades before enough. It contains large deposits of bitumen of viscosities reaching to more than a million centipoise. Though the focus is on bitumen from albertas oilsandsthe largest resource in the worldthe science applies to upgrading of heavy oil. Oil sands mining uses up almost as much energy as it produces. The international energy agency has warned that expanding canadian production hinges on transportation capacity. Islam, shriful, thickening of mature fine oil sands tailings 2014. Buoyancy of oil sands bitumen raises spill concerns. For those opposed to albertas oil sands development for environmental reasons, tailings ponds are a defining geographic feature of the province, and an ugly black eye on the industry.
But its supply of conventional oil is shrinking, and oil sands extraction has been growing fast in the past decade, from about 700,000 barrels per day in 2000 to 1. The exact composition of albertas oil sands can vary greatly, even within the same geological formation. The concentration of bitumen by weight varies from 1 to 18% average 12%. Oil sands, crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.
National assessment of oil and gas fact sheet natural. Banerjees expertise is in the area of heavy oil and bitumen characterization, processing, and upgrading to synthetic crude. Pdf the comparison of bitumens from oil sands with. Tar sands is a colloquialism for what are technically described as bituminous sands, and commonly known as oil sands or in venezuela, extra heavy oil. Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and. For the determination of organic part natural bitumen of oil sands the extraction methods was used in soxhlet apparatus by solvent.
The most commonly known unconventional oils oil sands, heavy oil, and bitumen are found primarily in the western united states, canada, and venezuela. This is a continuationinpart of a copending patent application by the same inventors, ser. Lithographic ink is made of 10% pigments, 10% resins and a balance of ahydrophobic solvent such as hydrocarbon oil. The effect of temperature on the overall recovery of oil in oil sands processing have been extensively studied over the years. Bitumen is a kind of crude oil found in natural oil sands depositsits the heaviest crude oil used today.
Coal tar is a brown or dark black liquid of high viscosity, which smells of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons. Oil sands, tar sands, crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. Heavy oil and natural bitumen are present worldwide table 1. From the introduction the high demand for quality petroleum products necessitates ongoing innovation in the science and engineering underlying oilsands extraction and upgrading. However, the bitumen content can be as high as 20% in some areas. Heavy oil and tar sand, crude oils below 20 on the american petroleum institute api gravity scale that require mining or thermal recovery. Tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions are extensive. Each grain of sand is surrounded by a film of water that is in turn covered by the heavy bitumen oil. In grain size analysis, the sample is well sorted with a diameter of about 0. In 2010, more than 800,000 gallons of tar sands oil was spilled into the kalamazoo river in michigan, resulting in immediate negative health impacts for nearby residents, sunken oil, and an. Browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our. The largest extraheavy oil accumulation is the venezuelan orinoco heavy oil belt, which contains 90 percent of the worlds extraheavy oil when measured on an inplace basis. Similarly, canada has about 61 tcf of established reserves lower cost supplies as opposed to higher costs gas resources, which total 630 tcf.
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