It is not applicable in ground containing reactive sulphides. Transfox 500 anfo loader mining maquinaria lorenzana. A blaster who has any explosivesflammability concerns must discuss. Influence of ammonium nitrate prills properties on. Aluminum powder influence on anfo detonation parameters 281 figure 1.
Surface microstructure of the porous ammonium nitrate granules of type extra. Although anfo has zero water resistance, it has a wide variety of applications in dry hole blasting conditions. Transfox 500 anfo loader mining maquinaria lorenzana machinery for mining and civil engineering. This page was last edited on 30 january 2019, at 18. Recommended for use in dry holes that will remain dry until detonation. Rowland iii and richard mainiero abstract for many years there have been small scale tests available for evaluating the toxic fumes. The present invention relates to a method for producing anfo on the basis of filtration. Comparative study of anfo versus emulsion use in anisotropic jointed rock mass.
Analysis and trends anfo can be used as a main charge but requires a booster for detonation requires umilled. A common example is anfo, a mixture of ammonium nitrate, which acts as the oxidizer, and fuel oil the fuel source. Analysis and trends anfo can be used as a main charge but requires a booster for detonation requires umilled porous prills of an because are less dense and retain moisture better improvisation of pure an is not difficult. Pdf laporan tetap pembuatan anfo free download pdf. Anfo under most conditions is considered a high explosive. Anfo is classified as a blasting agent, meaning that it decomposes through detonation rather than deflagration at a velocity higher.
Anfo is classified as a blasting agent, meaning that it decomposes through detonation rather than deflagration at a velocity higher than the speed of sound in the material but cannot be detonated with a no. To obtain copies, contact explosives engineering subscriptions at the institute address above. Its one of the most cost efficient blasting agents available for use in small, medium or large diameter applications. Since 1997, this facility has been used to collect data on toxic fumes produced by the detonation of various ammonium nitratefuel oil anfo mixtures and several capsensitive explosives. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate nh 4 no 3 an, which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil fo. Getmans a64 exc 2500 is designed to perform explosives charging functions with a single operator, and the. A blaster who has any explosivesflammability concerns must discuss them with the explosives manufacturers. Anfo 20 or anfo, for ammonium nitrate fuel oil is a widely used explosive mixture. In charges with larger diameters, say six inches or more, the velocity may be medium to high. The fuel component of anfo is typically diesel, but kerosenecoal. Papers, articles and letters to the editor are welcome and should be sent to the editor at her email address, or by post to the institute address. In 1955 it was discovered that mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fine coal dust would give very satisfactory blasting.
Anfo is suitable for most dry blasting applications. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Open cut coal, open cut metal, quarry, construction product type. Powergel premium tem desempenho compativel com os explosivos. Classified as dangerous goods by the criteria of the australian code for the transport of explosives by road and rail. Military applications are excluded from this discussion.
One of the great advantages of anfo is that it is convenient and inherently safe to use. Influence of physical properties of ammonium nitrate on. Introduction to explosives for official use only anfo ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. When anfo reaches its full vod the strength is given as. Anfo is a free flowing loose poured mixture of porous prilled ammonium nitrate nitropril and fuel oil fo, formulated to be oxygen balanced for use in dry blastholes. Cheques should be made payable in sterling to the institute of explosives engineers. Material safety data sheet this material is hazardous according to criteria of nohsc.
Anfo, emulsion and heavy anfo blends useful explosive. May 29, 2016 explosivos convencionales clase pdf 1. Anfo can supplied premixed in 1025 kg bags, which are simply poured into blastholes figures 3. Explosives anfo ammonium nitrate fuel oil on 10 november 2009 international troops and afghan police seized 250 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in the southern city of kandahar. November learn how and when to remove this template message. Explosivos a granel explosivos y accesorios nuestras ofertas. Cdc mining factors affecting anfo fumes production niosh. Anfo or anfo, for ammonium nitratefuel oil is a widely used bulk industrial explosive. Join the grabcad community today to gain access and download. Your new online msds binder is a place for you to store the material safety data sheets you need to deploy. In 1955 it was discovered that mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fine coal dust would give very satisfactory blasting results in the large about 22.
Anfo has found wide use in coal miningquarryingmetal miningand civil construction in applications where its low ano and ease of use may outweigh the benefits of other explosives, such as. Doc explosivos anfo diego gonzalez zapata academia. However, to our knowledge, the detailed study of this phenomenon in anfo has not been. If it is loaded pneumatically the critical diameter can be increased to 1. With the advent of new explosives, particularly the anfos and the slurries, the dynamite method of judg ing strength failed to give relevant. This paper describes an attempt to manufacture ammonium nitrate prills of determined porosity in order to investigate its influence on the anfo. It consists of 94 % porous ammonium nitrate nh 4 no 3, an that acts. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. As a measure of an explosives capacity to create fire from an open flame carried by its detonation. The dependence of ammoniumnitrate fueloil anfo detonation on.
In large surface operations, quantities of correctly proportioned and mixed anfo are charged quickly and efficiently by bulk anfo mix trucks. Rowland iii and richard mainiero abstract for many years there have been small scale tests available for evaluating the toxic fumes production by capsensitive explosives dot class 1. One of the most important factors that affect the explosive properties of anfo is the porosity of the prillsgranules. As it can be seen in the sem images in figure 1, typical ammonium. Anfo characteristics the critical diameter of poured anfo is about 2. Some explosives, and particularly blasting agents, are more sensitive to diameter changes than others. The sem images ad were obtained at magnification 50x, 100x, 100x, and 500 times respectively. Identification of the material and supplier product name. Application anfo has zero water resistance and has a wide variety of applications in dry hole blasting conditions. That is, a borehole or column of anfo less than two inches in diameter will detonate in the immediate area of the primer, but cannot reliably carry the detonation process much beyond that point.
Emissions associated with the manufacture of explosives are treated in section 6. The paper describes different experimental measurements of anfo explosives made by university of zilina, faculty of security engineering with the collaboration of military technical and testing. Head to the nearest chemistpharmacy, go up to the counter and ask for 6% peroxide, the person will take you to where it is. Method for producing an anfo explosive using ammonium nitrate. Anfo and waterbased explosives such as water gels and emulsions are more difficult to ignite in the open. The grabcad library offers millions of free cad designs, cad files, and 3d models. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. A poison schedule number has not been allocated to this product using the criteria in the standard for the.
They can be configured for anfo charging, emulsion charging, or both. Anfo may also be used effectively in underground development and tunneling applications. Aluminum powder influence on anfo detonation parameters. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate nh 4 no 3. May 14, 20 confined, anfos critical diameter is approximately 1 14 inches. Anfo or ammonium nitratefuel oil is a widely used bulk industrial explosive mixture in mines and quarry operation. The fuel component of anfo is typically diesel, but kerosenecoal dust, racing fuel, or even molasses have been used instead. The press and other media have used the term anfo loosely and imprecisely in describing improvised explosive devices ieds exploivo, in cases of fertilizer bombs see malicious use below. Pdf comparative study of anfo versus emulsion use in. Other explosives based on the anfo chemistry exist. We are the only explosive provider in the world to offer a complete line of commercial explosive products and services, including a full range of packaged and bulk anfo.
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